In Swift, you can use optionals to represent variables and constants that could be nil or a value. Any data type in Swift can be made optional by adding a question mark after the data type name. For instance, let’s create an optional String: The value of this string is now nil. To use an […]
In Swift, you can use class inheritance to introduce a parent-child hierarchy to your program. The idea is that the inherited child class has all the properties and attributes of the parent class. As an example: Output: Inheritance is a feature that only classes have in Swift. For example, you cannot inherit a struct. In
In Swift, a class acts as a blueprint for creating objects. For example, here is a class that represents a person: And here you create a Person object: In this guide, you learn how to create objects using classes in Swift. Also, you are going to learn what is the distinction between a struct and
In the previous chapters, you have worked with data types like Int, String, Double. But did you know you can also implement your own custom data type? In Swift, one way to do this is by using a struct. For example: Output: In this chapter, you are going to learn how to create your own
In Swift, a function is a reusable block of code with a name. This function can then be called to perform a specific task with different inputs. When you call a function, you execute the code inside that function. To create a function, you need to: For example, let’s create a function that greets a
In Swift, you can use a while loop to repeat actions as long as a condition is true. For example, let’s use a while loop to calculate the sum from 0 to 10: Output: Here the loop stops only after the value of i is greater than 10. In this guide, you learn how to
In Swift, you can use a for loop to repeat code. For example, let’s use a for loop to calculate the sum from 0 to 10: Output: Loops are extremely common in Swift and other programming languages. As you can imagine, when working with data, you need to be able to repeatedly perform the same
In Swift, you can use the switch statement to turn lengthy if-else statements into more concise and structured expressions. For example, take a look at this if-else statement. There is a lot of repetition and the code is quite long and somewhat verbose. In this case, you can tidy up the code by replacing the
In Swift, you can use an if-else statement to let your program make decisions. For example, let’s check if a person can drive based on their age: This results in the following output in the console: If-else statements are everywhere. They are the basic building blocks of programming. With if-else statements, you can start implementing
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In Swift, there are three logical operators: &&, ||, and !. Here is a table that describes these operators: Operator Name Description Example && Logical AND operator. If and only if both the operands are true, the condition is true. true && false = false || Logical OR Operator. If either one of the two
