Python

To check if a string contains another string in Python, use the in operator. For example: To also find the index at which the substring occurs, use the find() method of a string. For example: This returns the first index at which the substring “word” occurs. If no string is found, it returns -1. Let’s […]

Error handling is an important aspect of coding. When errors are treated properly, the programs operate smoothly and cause no annoying crashes for the end users. In Python, error handling happens with a try-except code construct. (If you come from another programming language, there is no such thing as a try-catch statement in Python.) The

In Python, the % sign is commonly used in three cases: 1. Modulo in Python The most commonly known use case for % in Python is the modulo operator. The modulo operator calculates the remainder of a division between two integers. For example, dividing 10 to 3 evenly is impossible. There will be one leftover. To verify

A Python function that takes **kwargs as an argument accepts any number of keyword arguments. For example: Now you can call the function with any number of keyword arguments: To deeper understand args and kwargs in Python, keep on reading. Arguments in Python Before learning what keyword arguments are, it’s worthwhile to have a look

To get a random number in Python, use the randint() function from the random module. For example, let’s generate a random integer between 1 and 100: Output: To generate a random float, use the uniform function from the random module: Output: These are the two basic use cases you are going to need. Let’s go

In Python, a tuple stores a group of values—very similar to lists. A tuple is an immutable collection of values. This means adding, removing, or updating values is not possible after creation. Use tuples if you want to create a group of values that will never change. To create a tuple in Python, separate values

Python continue statement is one of the loop statements that control the flow of the loop. More specifically, the continue statement skips the “rest of the loop” and jumps into the beginning of the next iteration. Unlike the break statement, the continue does not exit the loop. For example, to print the odd numbers, use

In almost every Python program, you are dealing with functions that take input, perform an action, and spit out an output. More often than not, it can be useful to include a default argument value in a function. If an input argument isn’t provided, the default value is used instead. And if the input value

To call a function in Python, add parenthesis after the function name. For example, if you have a function called greet, you can call it by: And if the function takes arguments, specify them inside the parenthesis: Let’s take a deeper dive into functions and how to call them in Python. More specifically, we are

To check if a file exists using Python, use the exists() function from the os.path module: Here is a short illustration of checking if a file exists in the same folder: Alternatively, you can use the is_file() function from the Path class from the pathlib module: Where path_to_file is relative to the Python file that