To copy a file in Python, use the shutil module’s copyfile() function. This piece of code copies the contents of the file src to a destination file dst. Both src and dst are strings that represent the names of the files (or rather, paths to the files). If a file dst does not exist, a […]

In Python, you can read a JSON file by using the json.load() function. Here is a quick example in case you’re in a hurry: I’m sure this quick example might already be a great enough answer for you. But in case you’re not too familiar with JSON or Python yet, I highly recommend reading along.

You can create scatter plots in Python by using the matplotlib as follows: Where x and y are lists of numbers or the data points for the plot. For example, let’s create a scatter plot where x and y are lists of random numbers between 1 and 100: Given randomized x and y data, the

Mapping in Python means applying an operation for each element of an iterable, such as a list. For example, let’s square a list of numbers using the map() function: Output: Mapping in Python Mapping means transforming a group of values into another group of values. In Python, you can use the built-in map() function for

To check if a string contains another string in Python, use the in operator. For example: To also find the index at which the substring occurs, use the find() method of a string. For example: This returns the first index at which the substring “word” occurs. If no string is found, it returns -1. Let’s

Error handling is an important aspect of coding. When errors are treated properly, the programs operate smoothly and cause no annoying crashes for the end users. In Python, error handling happens with a try-except code construct. (If you come from another programming language, there is no such thing as a try-catch statement in Python.) The

In Python, the % sign is commonly used in three cases: 1. Modulo in Python The most commonly known use case for % in Python is the modulo operator. The modulo operator calculates the remainder of a division between two integers. For example, dividing 10 to 3 evenly is impossible. There will be one leftover. To verify

A Python function that takes **kwargs as an argument accepts any number of keyword arguments. For example: Now you can call the function with any number of keyword arguments: To deeper understand args and kwargs in Python, keep on reading. Arguments in Python Before learning what keyword arguments are, it’s worthwhile to have a look

To get a random number in Python, use the randint() function from the random module. For example, let’s generate a random integer between 1 and 100: Output: To generate a random float, use the uniform function from the random module: Output: These are the two basic use cases you are going to need. Let’s go

In Python, a tuple stores a group of values—very similar to lists. A tuple is an immutable collection of values. This means adding, removing, or updating values is not possible after creation. Use tuples if you want to create a group of values that will never change. To create a tuple in Python, separate values